Adlerian Theory-Birth Order, Gender, Family Values

Adlerian’s Family Constellation Focusing on Birth Order, Gender, and Family Values Brittany Teal Bellevue University Applied Counseling Theories March 27, 2012 Abstract Diving into Adlerian’s Theory and focus on family, there are three main components to take into consideration to define how children might be defined as adults. The three factors include: birth order, gender, and family values. Birth order can make a difference in defining adult personality and behaviors. Gender can play a role with its views of society and the acceptance of the up kept expectations.Family values play a role simply because it defines who the family is and makes the future generations structured and stable. Adlerian’s Family Constellation Focusing on Birth Order, Gender, and Family Values Focusing on how one’s life may be affected behaviorally and psychologically can be based off of the factors that are out of an individual’s control. When stating this sentence, it ma y seem confusing to know that an individual had the possibility of being â€Å"judged† or â€Å"defined† on the day they were born.With this being said, the uncontrollable, but life-shaping factors include birth order, gender, and family values. Although it is important to note that these factors will not always determine the life outcome of an individual, they will, however, create a formation of life for an individual to follow. Bringing attention to birth order first, knowing how the first born, middle, and last born child can be affected immediately can possibly define a lot about how the individual’s future could turn out. The first born child can often be described as the busy, attention receiver (Shulman & Mosak 1977).On the flip side, the first born often is held to the highest expectations to uphold in the future due to the self control and respectful domineer they portray. The reason for this can be based off of the parent’s abilities to revolve their lives around engaging their child in multiple activities and organizations. This can have a lasting result on the child into adulthood in the case where they are attention seeking due to the loss of receiving it for the time they did when they were young (Carlson & Sperry 2006).Next the focus moves to the middle child. The middle child seems to be the one getting loss in the mix and often found in a competition for attention (Shulman & Mosak 1977). In most cases, the middle child is one who does not get to participate in as many activities as the first born, but still gets involvement in major activities and functions (Shulman & Mosak 1977). The middle child can also sometimes be known as the â€Å"diplomat. † They are this simply because they get caught up in the middle between the oldest and youngest sibling.Often times it becomes natural responsibility for the middle child to be the mediator between siblings (Shulman & Mosak 1977). Finally we move onto the last born child, the â€Å"baby. † The last born child can be defined as â€Å"ambitious. † An explanation to support this statement is that the youngest sibling is often times surrounded by mature adults who seem to give much attention (Shulman & Mosak 1977). They also have this lifestyle due to being dependent on the older influences in their lives.When this type of behavior is allowed at a young age, the child grows into adulthood with knowing no different. On the plus side of this, the ambition the youngest child displays can often times result in success and a bright future for the youngest born (Carlson & Sperry 2006). All in all, there can sometimes be more children in the mix, but results stay similar to the main three orders listed. Next the focus turns to gender effects on individuals as they enter adulthood from the Adlerian views’.When a child is born, he or she is automatically placed into the acceptable gender roles of society. When this occurs and as the c hild ages, he or she will decided whether or not they want to accept, reject, or adapt to the role expectations that they are given (Lindsey & Christie 1997). This becomes very challenging to exactly define how an individual will be affected into adulthood due to the outside factors and influences that can take a toll on one’s life. Gender roles are something usually defined in childhood and carried into adulthood, ut as society changes and roles become more adverse, it is difficult to say how set and stone these roles will be (Carlson & Sperry 2006). Overall, it is obvious one picks up gender roles on the day they are born, but it is up to the individual themselves to decide whether or not they want to maintain those roles throughout their lifestyle. Finally family values come into the picture when defining an individual as an adult. Family values are not only just standards up kept by family, but more or less what create a baseboard for the function of a family.There are mu ltiple components that get taken into consideration when focusing just on family values and they are the beliefs, morals, and convictions that both the mother and father have implied to their family lifestyle (Juel 1993). With these factors being apparent at birth and throughout childhood, the individuals have choices as to whether or not they want to agree, disagree, or adopt their own family values. In most cases, children carry these values through adulthood which results in the family lifestyle getting pasted from generation to generation.To sum it all up, it takes cooperation and trust for a family to clearly define and keep family values a tradition throughout a lifetime. References Carlson, J. , & Sperry, L. (2006). Adlerian therapy. Relationship Dysfunction: A Practitioner's Guide to Comparative Treatments, 102. Juel, E. J. (1993). Non-Traditional Family Values: Providing Quasi-Marital Rights to Same-Sex Couples. BC Third World LJ, 13, 317. Lindsey, L. L. , ; Christie, S. (1 997). Gender roles. Prentice Hall. Shulman, B. H. , ; Mosak, H. H. (1977). Birth order and ordinal position: Two Adlerian views. Journal of Individual Psychology, 33(1), 114-121. Adlerian Theory-Birth Order, Gender, Family Values Adlerian’s Family Constellation Focusing on Birth Order, Gender, and Family Values Brittany Teal Bellevue University Applied Counseling Theories March 27, 2012 Abstract Diving into Adlerian’s Theory and focus on family, there are three main components to take into consideration to define how children might be defined as adults. The three factors include: birth order, gender, and family values. Birth order can make a difference in defining adult personality and behaviors. Gender can play a role with its views of society and the acceptance of the up kept expectations.Family values play a role simply because it defines who the family is and makes the future generations structured and stable. Adlerian’s Family Constellation Focusing on Birth Order, Gender, and Family Values Focusing on how one’s life may be affected behaviorally and psychologically can be based off of the factors that are out of an individual’s control. When stating this sentence, it ma y seem confusing to know that an individual had the possibility of being â€Å"judged† or â€Å"defined† on the day they were born.With this being said, the uncontrollable, but life-shaping factors include birth order, gender, and family values. Although it is important to note that these factors will not always determine the life outcome of an individual, they will, however, create a formation of life for an individual to follow. Bringing attention to birth order first, knowing how the first born, middle, and last born child can be affected immediately can possibly define a lot about how the individual’s future could turn out. The first born child can often be described as the busy, attention receiver (Shulman & Mosak 1977).On the flip side, the first born often is held to the highest expectations to uphold in the future due to the self control and respectful domineer they portray. The reason for this can be based off of the parent’s abilities to revolve their lives around engaging their child in multiple activities and organizations. This can have a lasting result on the child into adulthood in the case where they are attention seeking due to the loss of receiving it for the time they did when they were young (Carlson & Sperry 2006).Next the focus moves to the middle child. The middle child seems to be the one getting loss in the mix and often found in a competition for attention (Shulman & Mosak 1977). In most cases, the middle child is one who does not get to participate in as many activities as the first born, but still gets involvement in major activities and functions (Shulman & Mosak 1977). The middle child can also sometimes be known as the â€Å"diplomat. † They are this simply because they get caught up in the middle between the oldest and youngest sibling.Often times it becomes natural responsibility for the middle child to be the mediator between siblings (Shulman & Mosak 1977). Finally we move onto the last born child, the â€Å"baby. † The last born child can be defined as â€Å"ambitious. † An explanation to support this statement is that the youngest sibling is often times surrounded by mature adults who seem to give much attention (Shulman & Mosak 1977). They also have this lifestyle due to being dependent on the older influences in their lives.When this type of behavior is allowed at a young age, the child grows into adulthood with knowing no different. On the plus side of this, the ambition the youngest child displays can often times result in success and a bright future for the youngest born (Carlson & Sperry 2006). All in all, there can sometimes be more children in the mix, but results stay similar to the main three orders listed. Next the focus turns to gender effects on individuals as they enter adulthood from the Adlerian views’.When a child is born, he or she is automatically placed into the acceptable gender roles of society. When this occurs and as the c hild ages, he or she will decided whether or not they want to accept, reject, or adapt to the role expectations that they are given (Lindsey & Christie 1997). This becomes very challenging to exactly define how an individual will be affected into adulthood due to the outside factors and influences that can take a toll on one’s life. Gender roles are something usually defined in childhood and carried into adulthood, ut as society changes and roles become more adverse, it is difficult to say how set and stone these roles will be (Carlson & Sperry 2006). Overall, it is obvious one picks up gender roles on the day they are born, but it is up to the individual themselves to decide whether or not they want to maintain those roles throughout their lifestyle. Finally family values come into the picture when defining an individual as an adult. Family values are not only just standards up kept by family, but more or less what create a baseboard for the function of a family.There are mu ltiple components that get taken into consideration when focusing just on family values and they are the beliefs, morals, and convictions that both the mother and father have implied to their family lifestyle (Juel 1993). With these factors being apparent at birth and throughout childhood, the individuals have choices as to whether or not they want to agree, disagree, or adopt their own family values. In most cases, children carry these values through adulthood which results in the family lifestyle getting pasted from generation to generation.To sum it all up, it takes cooperation and trust for a family to clearly define and keep family values a tradition throughout a lifetime. References Carlson, J. , & Sperry, L. (2006). Adlerian therapy. Relationship Dysfunction: A Practitioner's Guide to Comparative Treatments, 102. Juel, E. J. (1993). Non-Traditional Family Values: Providing Quasi-Marital Rights to Same-Sex Couples. BC Third World LJ, 13, 317. Lindsey, L. L. , ; Christie, S. (1 997). Gender roles. Prentice Hall. Shulman, B. H. , ; Mosak, H. H. (1977). Birth order and ordinal position: Two Adlerian views. Journal of Individual Psychology, 33(1), 114-121.

Problem Statement

Analysis and Issues When the senior-level women at Vision resigned, it seems from the information in Lie's memo that people assumed that they were choosing Emily over a career and therefore, management believed there was nothing that the company could have done to retain these women. However, these women may have left for better opportunities, potentially with competitors. Vision's obvious costs of losing these employees include the loss of investment made in recruiting and training them as well as the cost of recruiting and training their replacements.Yet, the hidden cost of employee turnover is possibly even more devastating. These hidden costs include the loss of intellectual capital and the potential for the former employee to come a competitor; potential disruption in the. General Electric and its river pollution problems; GE and Westinghouse antitrust action in turbines; Walter's aggressive growth strategy and the loss of small town businesses; Wall-Mart and its labor and legal practices; and Wall- Mart with its â€Å"Buy America Program. Now here comes Enron, Arthur Andersen, Global Crossing, Tycoon, Martha Stewart, Disney (remember its privacy practices and guest safety issues), Delphic, Rite Aid, Nordstrom, the dot com bubble, Xerox and its large restatement of earnings, ditto Lucent, ND who could forget Crispy Cream donuts? There is a point here. Bad ethics isn't necessarily new, but there does seem to be more problems that are even bigger today than yesterday. These issues can be national news, but they can also permeate even small organizations, causing irreparable harm.This is where sound human resource (HER) development and systems become important so that HER leaders can strategically support the organization for the good of the organization itself. There is a fundamental reality that seems to have escaped our notice: Ethical issues are important, and ethical locations are not all that uncommon. Think about your own encounters with rude sales pe ople, telephone service sales solicitations, product defects, and other day-to-day encounters. Much of this does not make it to the nightly news, but ethical transgressions are quite common in today's society.Think about your work life. Does senior management truly respect you and your co- workers? Who gets blamed when problems arise? Are you surprised when important decisions are announced? Are you involved in discussions about strategically important problems, opportunities and questions? Ethics do not serially involve the big transgression all of the time. They can be the result of hidden forces that many times we don't even see. They are so common that we often take them for granted, almost.How often do we take action and don't even think that there is an ethical point to consider? Ethical issues in the workplace are often invisible. Publicly there is general consensus that managers should not violate laws. After the summer of 2002, it should be pretty clear that it makes no sen se to knowingly break the law. Obviously, the executives at Arthur Andersen were foolish to shred those documents and he chief accountants at MIMIC World were wrong to book current period expenses as capitalized assets.Certainly, Enron's income recognition problems and off-balance sheet â€Å"Special Purpose Entities† was clearly inappropriate-?as was their loans and dealings outside the United States. The answer to those that participated Was a resounding â€Å"no†. In all cases, the managers involved made a case that they â€Å"believed† their actions and â€Å"ethics† were within current social standards. These people share they didn't â€Å"knowingly† cross the line. Have you experienced people in your career and organization that would say the same?One could argue that the fundamental mistake by the above executives was getting too close to a line that isn't clearly visible, even moves over time. Golden State Fence and Koch Foods may argue tha t they were not aware of those people working for them were brought in without valid right-to-work documents. However those employees at Citreous, LASS, MM, 24 Hour Fitness, Sears, Irritate, Cutbacks, Emery's, Farmers Insurance, Longs Drugs, arguing for overtime wages after finding out they were misclassified as a â€Å"salaried† exempt employee do indeed â€Å"get it! † Problem Statement Analysis and Issues When the senior-level women at Vision resigned, it seems from the information in Lie's memo that people assumed that they were choosing Emily over a career and therefore, management believed there was nothing that the company could have done to retain these women. However, these women may have left for better opportunities, potentially with competitors. Vision's obvious costs of losing these employees include the loss of investment made in recruiting and training them as well as the cost of recruiting and training their replacements.Yet, the hidden cost of employee turnover is possibly even more devastating. These hidden costs include the loss of intellectual capital and the potential for the former employee to come a competitor; potential disruption in the. General Electric and its river pollution problems; GE and Westinghouse antitrust action in turbines; Walter's aggressive growth strategy and the loss of small town businesses; Wall-Mart and its labor and legal practices; and Wall- Mart with its â€Å"Buy America Program. Now here comes Enron, Arthur Andersen, Global Crossing, Tycoon, Martha Stewart, Disney (remember its privacy practices and guest safety issues), Delphic, Rite Aid, Nordstrom, the dot com bubble, Xerox and its large restatement of earnings, ditto Lucent, ND who could forget Crispy Cream donuts? There is a point here. Bad ethics isn't necessarily new, but there does seem to be more problems that are even bigger today than yesterday. These issues can be national news, but they can also permeate even small organizations, causing irreparable harm.This is where sound human resource (HER) development and systems become important so that HER leaders can strategically support the organization for the good of the organization itself. There is a fundamental reality that seems to have escaped our notice: Ethical issues are important, and ethical locations are not all that uncommon. Think about your own encounters with rude sales pe ople, telephone service sales solicitations, product defects, and other day-to-day encounters. Much of this does not make it to the nightly news, but ethical transgressions are quite common in today's society.Think about your work life. Does senior management truly respect you and your co- workers? Who gets blamed when problems arise? Are you surprised when important decisions are announced? Are you involved in discussions about strategically important problems, opportunities and questions? Ethics do not serially involve the big transgression all of the time. They can be the result of hidden forces that many times we don't even see. They are so common that we often take them for granted, almost.How often do we take action and don't even think that there is an ethical point to consider? Ethical issues in the workplace are often invisible. Publicly there is general consensus that managers should not violate laws. After the summer of 2002, it should be pretty clear that it makes no sen se to knowingly break the law. Obviously, the executives at Arthur Andersen were foolish to shred those documents and he chief accountants at MIMIC World were wrong to book current period expenses as capitalized assets.Certainly, Enron's income recognition problems and off-balance sheet â€Å"Special Purpose Entities† was clearly inappropriate-?as was their loans and dealings outside the United States. The answer to those that participated Was a resounding â€Å"no†. In all cases, the managers involved made a case that they â€Å"believed† their actions and â€Å"ethics† were within current social standards. These people share they didn't â€Å"knowingly† cross the line. Have you experienced people in your career and organization that would say the same?One could argue that the fundamental mistake by the above executives was getting too close to a line that isn't clearly visible, even moves over time. Golden State Fence and Koch Foods may argue tha t they were not aware of those people working for them were brought in without valid right-to-work documents. However those employees at Citreous, LASS, MM, 24 Hour Fitness, Sears, Irritate, Cutbacks, Emery's, Farmers Insurance, Longs Drugs, arguing for overtime wages after finding out they were misclassified as a â€Å"salaried† exempt employee do indeed â€Å"get it! †

Succubus Revealed Chapter 6

Fortunately, no dictionaries or bats ever came into play, and Seth and I spent a pleasant night together. He sent me off that weekend in a good mood, and during the time I was with him, it was easy to believe this might all end well. Once I began the tedious parts of travel by myself, the doubts began to set in. The ride to the airport, security, safety instructions . . . all little things in and of themselves, but each one began to weigh on me. I just couldn't see Seth moving to Las Vegas – not anytime soon, at least. That left long-distance dating, and it was hard to imagine us going through a trip like this every . . . hell, I didn't know how often. And that was another problem. What exactly did long-distance dating mean? Visits every week? Every month? Too-frequent visits meant the irritation of travel. Too few put us in danger of out-of-sight, out-of-mind complications. So, naturally, I was all worked up by the time my flight landed in Las Vegas. And strangely, I took comfort remembering Jerome's words, of all things. If Seth and I had survived the huge problem of immortal?Cmortal dating, then really, what was a two-hour plane ride compared to that? We could make this work. We had to. â€Å"There she is!† A familiar, booming voice startled me as I was waiting at the baggage claim. I spun around and found myself looking up at the tanned good looks of Luis, Archdemon of Las Vegas. I let him wrap me up in a giant hug, something he managed with remarkable delicacy, considering what a bear of a man he was. â€Å"What are you doing here?† I asked, once those muscled arms had released me. Realization hit me. â€Å"You're not here to pick me up, are you? I mean, don't you have people who have people to do that kind of thing?† Luis grinned at me, his dark eyes sparkling. â€Å"Sure, but I couldn't trust an underling to pick up my favorite succubus.† â€Å"Oh, stop,† I groaned. My bag came around the carousel, but when I went for it, Luis brushed me aside and easily lifted it up. As I followed him toward the parking garage, I couldn't even begin to picture Jerome doing something like this. â€Å"You scoff, but most of the succubi around here bore me to tears. Hell, most of our staff here does,† Luis said. â€Å"You get a full range of personalities and talent levels with so many. The exceptional and the unexceptional. You, my dear, are exceptional.† â€Å"You don't have to try to sweet-talk me into the job,† I said, smiling in spite of myself. â€Å"Not like I have a choice.† â€Å"True,† he agreed. â€Å"But I want you to be happy here. I want everyone who works for me carrying stories about how awesome I am. It ups my cred at the annual company conference.† â€Å"Jerome's trying to up his by having us beat Nanette's employees in bowling.† Luis laughed at that and led us out to a gleaming black Jaguar double-parked in the handicapped zone. Once he'd stowed my suitcase, he even went so far as to open the door for me. Before starting the car, he leaned over conspiratorially and whispered loudly, â€Å"If you want to shape-shift into something else, now's your chance while we're still inside.† â€Å"Shape-shift into what?† He shrugged. â€Å"You're in Vegas. Live the lifestyle. No need to resign yourself to jeans and sensible shoes. Give yourself a cocktail dress. Sequins. A corset. I mean, look at me.† Luis gestured grandly at himself, just in case it was possible to miss the gorgeous and undoubtedly custom Italian suit he was wearing. â€Å"It's barely noon,† I pointed out. â€Å"Doesn't matter. I dress like this the instant I get out of bed.† With a self-conscious look around the garage outside, I quickly shape-shifted out of my travel clothes and into a one-shoulder minidress that wrapped around me like a Grecian gown. The fabric glittered silvery when it caught the light just right. My long, light brown hair turned equally glam. Luis nodded in approval. â€Å"Now you're ready for the Bellagio.† â€Å"The Bellagio?† I asked, impressed. â€Å"I figured I'd be shoved off to some crappy motel ten miles from the Strip.† I amped up my makeup for good measure. â€Å"Well,† he said, backing the car out, â€Å"that is actually what the normal budget allows for when it comes to new employee visits. I was able to pull some extra funds – and dip into my own pockets – to upgrade you a bit.† â€Å"You didn't have to do that,† I exclaimed. â€Å"I could have paid for my own room somewhere.† Yet, even as I said it, I knew that if accruing funds over the centuries was easy for someone like me, it was a million times easier for someone with Luis's lifespan. The car and his suit were probably bought with pocket change from his income. He waved off my concerns. â€Å"It's nothing. Besides, my car would probably get stolen if I parked it at one of the ‘budget-friendly' places.† The car's readout told me the outside temperature wasn't that far off from Seattle's in December. The difference was in the light. â€Å"Oh my God,† I said, squinting out the window. â€Å"I haven't seen the sun in two months.† Luis chuckled. â€Å"Ah, just you wait until high summer, when the temps hit triple digits. It cooks most people alive, but for someone like you, you'll love it. Hot and dry. Doesn't get below eighty at night.† I loved Seattle. Even without Seth in the picture, I could have been happy there for many, many years. But, I had to admit, my one weakness with the region was the weather. Relative to the extremes of the East Coast, Seattle was a very mild climate to live in. That meant it didn't get very anything. Not very cold, and certainly not very warm. The hot weather we got in midsummer was fleeting, and then the mildness of the winter was marred with rain and clouds. By February, I was usually ready to start consuming entire bottles of vitamin D. I'd grown up on the beaches of the Mediterranean and still missed them. â€Å"This is great,† I said. â€Å"I wish I were visiting while it was warmer.† â€Å"Oh, you don't have long to wait,† he told me. â€Å"Another month like this, and then the temperature will start going up. You can break out your bikini by March.† I thought that might be kind of an exaggeration but returned his grin nonetheless. We were approaching the Strip and all its glory. The buildings became more flamboyant and expensive looking. Sidewalks and streets grew more crowded. Billboards advertised every form of entertainment imaginable. It was like an adult-oriented theme park. â€Å"You seem pretty happy here,† I said. â€Å"Yup,† Luis agreed. â€Å"I lucked out. Not only is the place great, but I command one of the largest groups of Hellish servants in the world. When I saw your name come up, I thought, ‘I've got to get her in on this.' â€Å" Something in his words put a crack in the rose-colored glasses I was viewing the wondrous sights around me through. â€Å"When my name came up?† â€Å"Sure. We get e-mails all the time about transfers, job openings, whatever. When I saw you were being moved out of Seattle, I tossed my hat into the ring.† I turned toward the side window so he couldn't see my face. â€Å"How long ago was that?† â€Å"Oh, I don't know. A while ago.† He chuckled. â€Å"You know how long these things take.† â€Å"Yeah,† I said, trying to keep my voice light. â€Å"I do.† It was exactly what Roman and I had talked about: the painstakingly long time Hell took with personnel decisions. Roman swore the circumstances surrounding this transfer were suspicious and implied a rush. Yet Luis was behaving as though everything had gone along according to perfect procedure. Was it possible there really had just been some oversight with Jerome's notification about my transfer? It was also possible, I knew, that Luis was lying. I didn't want to believe that of him, but I knew that no matter how friendly and likable he seemed, he was still a demon at the end of the day. I couldn't allow myself to be lulled into complete trust by his charm. We had a favorite saying among my friends: How can you tell if a demon is lying? His lips are moving. â€Å"I was surprised to be transferred at all,† I said. â€Å"I've been happy in Seattle. Jerome said . . . well, he said it was because I was a slacker employee. That I was being moved for bad behavior.† Luis snorted and pulled into the driveway for the Bellagio. â€Å"He did, huh? Well, don't beat yourself up, honey. If you want a reason for them pulling you out, my guess is that it has something to do with Jerome getting himself summoned and letting nephilim and dream creatures run rampant with his succubus.† I had nothing to say to that, but fortunately, we reached the hotel's entrance and yielded the car to a valet driver who seemed familiar with Luis and his generous tips. Entering the Bellagio, I was soon awash in stimuli – color and sound and life. A lot of the people moving in and out were dressed as glamorously as us, but plenty of average â€Å"everyday† people walked through as well. It was a mixing of all social classes and cultures, all here and united in search of enjoyment. Equally overwhelming was the intense wave of human emotion. I didn't have any magic power to let me â€Å"see† emotion, exactly, but I was very good at reading faces and expressions. It was that same knack that had let me pick out the desperate and hopeless at the mall. This was the same, except magnified a hundred times. People swung the full gamut of hope and excitement. Some were joyous and eager, either high off of triumph or ready to risk it all for triumph to come. Others had clearly attempted it – and failed. Their faces were full of despair, disbelief at how they'd ended up in this situation and sorrow over their inability to fix things. Just as obvious were the good marks. Some guys were so blatantly trolling for a hookup that I could have propositioned them then and there. Others were ideal succubus bait, guys who had come here saying they were going to keep themselves in line – but who could easily step off the edge of temptation with the right finessing. Even with my heart tied up with Seth, I couldn't help but take in and thrive under all the admiring looks I got. I was suddenly glad I'd taken Luis up on his shape-shifting suggestion. â€Å"So easy,† I murmured, staring around as we waited for an elevator. â€Å"They're just there like . . .† â€Å"Cattle?† suggested Luis. I made a face. â€Å"Not quite the word I wanted.† â€Å"Not much difference.† An elevator opened, and a cute twenty-something guy gestured me forward. I smiled winningly at him, loving the effect I had. After he exited on his floor, Luis winked at me and leaned over to whisper in my ear. â€Å"Easy to get used to, huh?† Our floor came next, and Luis nodded to our right when the door opened. A few steps down the hall, I realized something. â€Å"I have a suite?† I asked, startled. â€Å"That's a little much, even to make a good impression.† â€Å"Ah, well, that's what I didn't get a chance to tell you yet. You have a suite because it has more room. You have to share it with another new employee.† I nearly came screeching to a halt. Here it was, the catch in what was otherwise a sugar-coated fantasy. I envisioned myself rooming with another succubus and immediately knew I'd be seeking other accommodations. Succubi forced into close proximity put reality show drama to shame. â€Å"I don't want to impose on anyone's privacy,† I said delicately, wondering how I could get out of this. Luis reached a door and took out a keycard. â€Å"Nah, the place is huge. Two bedrooms and a living room and kitchen that go on forever.† He unlocked the door and opened it. â€Å"You could avoid each other all weekend if you wanted to. But somehow, I don't think you will.† I was about to question that, but suddenly, there was no need. We'd stepped into a living room as expansive as Luis had promised, all sleek lines and modern furniture, colored in shades of gold and green with dark wood trim. A long window offered a sweeping view of the city, and a man stood in front of it, admiring the panorama. I couldn't see his face, and something told me that even if I could, I probably wouldn't recognize it. That didn't matter. I knew him by his immortal signature, the unique sensory markers that distinguished him from everyone else. I could scarcely believe it, even as he turned around and smiled at me. â€Å"Bastien?† I exclaimed.

Distance Leaning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Distance Leaning - Essay Example That distance learning paradigms can benefit from the aforementioned is emphasised by Alan Tait, a faculty member at the Open University, UK, whose article is the primary focus of this critique. Commencing with a historical overview of the evolution of open and distance learning in the United Kingdom and Europe, Tait (2003) identifies transportation technology as having played a pivotal role in the development of the stated phenomenon. A railway system supported by an organised and efficient postal and mail services enabled tutors to guide, direct and educate students across distance. Certainly, as Tait (2003) concedes, the system was fraught with a number of challenges, most of which stemmed from the absence of any form of interpersonal communication between students and tutors. With the evolution of such information and communication technology tools such as the home computer and the internet, open and distance learning became e-learning. Reputable higher educational institutions began to offer courses, degree and certificate programmes over the web. Within the context of open and distance learning, e-learning stands out as a revolutionary development for several reasons. In the first place, and as Tait (2003) emphasises, while earlier forms of distance learning had partially overcome the challenges posed by space and distance, web-based learning obliterated distance. In the second place, while open and distance learning, as delivered through correspondence, partly overcame the challenges posed by distance, it was not able to do so vis--vis time. Web-based learning, on the other hand, annihilated this particular challenge just as it did as regards distance. In other words, web-learning is a revolutionary development within the context of open and distance learning because it enabled cross-distance interpersonal communication and immediacy of delivery (Tait, 2003). Despite its numerous advantages and even though it successfully overcame many of the more significant of the challenges which confronted earlier distance learning paradigms, e-learning has to be restructured towards higher levels of student-orientation. As Tait (2003) notes, facts and figures indicate that the field is highly competitive, on the one hand, and there are high non-completion, or student drop-out rates on the other. Universities or educational institutes which offer web-based services must, both as a response to competition and high non-completion rates, need to focus on the improvement of their delivery paradigm through the integration of student support systems (Tait, 2003). Besides the fact that student support systems should be integrated into the e-learning delivery paradigm because it is a popular student demand, the imperatives of integration emanate from the fact that it will significantly improve and facilitate e-learning and will, additionally, reduce non-completion rates. Student support systems will function to support the learning process through the provision of more immediate tutor-student mentoring and guidance as would extend the learning and emotional support which would encourage students to complete the programme, on the one hand, and bring e-learning closer to the levels of efficiency and effectiveness attained

Importance of sustained economic growth, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Importance of sustained economic growth, - Essay Example As far as South West region is concerned, the percentage share of the region in UK’s total GVA for the year 2012 has been 7.3 percent, which does not reflect a significant rise in it in comparison with the previous years’ GVA. Analysis of the Trends in GVA, GVA per Head and GVA per Head Indices for South West Region (1997 – 2012) Keeping in view the data pertaining to the gross value added by South West, there has been a sustained increase in the workplace based GVA at current basic prices on a year on year basis (See Appendix II). Similarly, this consistency has been maintained in the GVA per head also. The trends in these variables have been graphically presented as follows: For both GVA and GVA per head, there have been increasing trends noted in the time period under consideration. Particularly from 1997 to 2007, the increase in the growth for GVA has been higher and the rate of growth has declined a bit from 2007 and onwards. These trends are true for both G VA and GVA per head. ... In addition to this, the performance of the region with respect to the gross value added has been influenced by various factors which include supply chains, availability of credit, policies and regulations, etc. Sustained Economic Growth in South Western England and Future Economic Rebalancing Keeping in view the slow recovery shown by the economy in the post economic crisis period, it can be stated that there are various factors which are important for sustained growth in South Western England, while considering the future economic rebalancing. In general, it is the overall economy of the UK which influences the performance and growth for regional economies. However, as noted by the South West Observatory (2011), there are two main factors which are expected to influence sustainable growth in SW England. These factors include, â€Å"Regional Output Growth Prospects (GVA, Constant Price)† and â€Å"Regional Employment Prospects (Full Time Equivalent)† (South West Observ atory, 2011). Based on the overall macroeconomic conditions of the UK’s economy, South West Observatory (2011) has made forecasts of the economic growth in the region. Similar to the trends noted in other regions of England, the trends for Regional Output Growth and Regional Employment for SW England in 2008-2009 declined sharply, owing to the global economic downturn. However, recovery was noted in the following period, 2009-2010, which was then projected to be followed by a declining trend in the period 2010-2011. Although economic experts and forecasting agencies have argued that extreme weather conditions has stirred up the decline in economic growth indicators for UK in the post crisis period, but the tightening of fiscal

No need for topic Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

No need for topic - Case Study Example The report further notes that strong economic growth has continued to boost the resilience of global financial markets, as well as UK’s financial market. Additionally, concerns related to tail risks have reduced within the global financial markets (Financial Policy Committee 7). Some of the key challenges for the UK economy include economic recovery from the financial crisis of 2007-2008, improving long-term growth potential, and minimizing inequality (OECD 1). Economic performance in the UK was strong between 1997 and 2007, with GDP per capita expanding at a faster rate than any other G6 country. The post-recession period had a significant negative impact on all OECD countries with the UK performing worse than average. However, over the period between 1997 and 2011, productivity growth in the UK was second to the US and gross domestic product (GDP) per worker was similar to other OECD countries. On the other hand, productivity levels (GDP) per hour is still below the US, France, and Germany, while the rate of employment is similar to the US and greater than continental Europe (Pessoa & Van Reenen 1). According to Rhodes 3), UK’s economy grew for the first three quarters of 2013. Gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 0.8% in the third quarter of 2013, compared with the second quarter of 2013. GDP is currently 2.0% below its peak in the first quarter of 2008. This has been the most prolonged period of GDP growth since the first three quarters of 2011 (Rhodes 3). The annual rate of inflation (CPI) as at November 2013 stood at 2.1%, a decrease from 2.2% the previous month. Rhodes (3) has noted that the Bank of England’s target is to get the inflation rate (CPI) as low as 2%. The rate of employment stood at 72.0% as at October 2013, while the unemployment rate was 7.4%, which was a decrease of approximately 99,000 people (Rhodes 3). In a series of meetings since October 2008 to March 2009, the Bank of

Choose from the book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Choose from the book - Essay Example The collapse of the banks reduced bank loans leading to less expenditure than initial. The crash of the stock markets reduced the spending capability of individuals through fear of further economic woes. Unemployment and job losses led to a reduction of the purchasing power. Purchasing power is defined as the ability of the society to purchase goods and services. Increased purchases indicate the power of the society and improved welfare while reduced purchases indicate an ailing economy that needs intervention and support. The reduction of purchasing power of the economy at the time was an indication of the reduction of income earning and creation in the country. The situation was made worse with the inability of the banks to offer loans that could improve the purchasing power. The failure to offer loans to the citizens also indicated the situation of the banks in terms of financial strengths. Later, several banks collapsed and with the collapse came massive losses to the citizens th rough loss of savings and investments. The situation was so dire that banks' lost public confidence leading to the creation of the FDIC to offer support and security for individual savings. With such massive issues, the financial sector of the country was in shambles leading to the failure of the whole economy called the great depression. In addition, American economic policy changes as a result of the ailing economy. The government created the Smooth-Hawley Tariff to protect the American companies. The policy charged high tax for imports reducing the amount of trade between America and the rest of the world. The Smooth-Hawley Tariff protected the country production companies from competition. However, the mode of protection led to the isolation of the country because International Corporation could not venture into the country due to the expensive nature of business operations. Drought was an indirect facilitator of the economic problems witnessed in the country. The serious drough t occurred in the Mississippi valley, in 1930, leading to the sale of farm lands in order to remain afloat (Foner 90). While not affecting the economy directly, it helped in the shaping of the economic perspective of the country, to create a financial problem in the area. The drought did not have a massive influence on the economy but helped facilitate the already worse economy to decline. The role of Franklin Roosevelt in economy improvement After the depression witnessed the country struggled to recover from the failure with minimal success until the election of Franklin Roosevelt. Roosevelt enacted several Legislations through congress in a bid to help industrial and economic recovery. The creation of the National Recovery Administration was to foster operation between the government, business and labor in order to achieve success. During the first hundred days of his tenure, he instigated changes in the political leadership to solve the banking crisis with the main focus of the change to restore and not offer drastic change in the economy. The job losses and unemployment witnessed after the great depression had affected the lives of the citizens (Foner 121). In order to assist, the president instigated relief programs to support provision of basic needs to families and also help in spurring the economy. The relief programs helped to reduce starving of the citizens

Social Media Metrics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social Media Metrics - Research Paper Example From the discussion it is clear that  Home Depot recently presented a massive check of $250,000 to the Reno’s Veterans Guest House during the company’s Aprons in Action contest. During the contest, which began in early 2011, the Facebook page of the company served as the platform for up to 44 non-profit companies to earn funding totaling to up to $1 million as a result of Facebook votes and to develop more awareness of their community engagement and efforts. The social media strategy adopted by Home Depot is managed by the corporate communications department, headed by Mr. Brad Shaw. The company’s corporate team in charge of social media is tasked with responsibilities of reviewing content and posts that are developed by associates. They also manage the company’s social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and Youtube.As the essay stresses  defining the R  in the company's ROI -  For the purposes of proving the ROI, it is important for the co mpany to have a tangible business goal with which to begin with. This refers to the return that the company is looking forward to deliver. The company should also consider the objectives of doing this as well as the problem that it is trying to solve.  Home Depot determines its share of positive sentiment in the midst of all positive sentiment in its marketplace. On the other hand, if Home Depot operates in any controversial area, it should gauge its relative share of the negative sentiment.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Defining the audience – This refers to the market the company’s campaign is trying to reach. It is important for the company’s social media campaign to go out and attempt to reach fifty million people; however, that is not very important if the fifty million people are not really its target market. The company can reach the world with its social media presence; however, if the closest company store is a

Understanding Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Understanding Leadership - Assignment Example Firstly, in Exploration and Production planning a critical determinant of leadership style is the group maturity. Guenzi & Ruta (2013) describe group dynamics and ability to respond to an emergency and normal situation as a primary factor in choosing leadership style. A group that is too dependent in decision-making requires an authoritarian leadership in order to speed up the planning and execution of duties (Goleman et al., 2002). Besides, slow decision-making process due to fear of unknown and departmental lack of confidence within existing options informs the need for an autocratic leader whose words and actions allow for speedy duty execution (West 2011). In addition, leadership should be based on the study the effect of authority and counter-rebellion strategies often employed in planning departments. The best leadership should be seen to work towards the best results and not just authority exertion (Werhane 2007). In order to amalgamate the four divisions in E& P planning, leadership style adopted should be based on an already studied leadership pattern that has produced results either within the organization or even other established companies. As a core duty of a leader, the style of leadership adopted should not be experimental since planning is an enormous task that determines organizational direction (Velsor 2009). Forman & Ross (2013) identify organizational timelines of executing plans as a crucial factor to deliberate on when deciding on the appropriate leadership. For instance, in E &P planning system, the decision reached should be well-thought and based on concrete findings. It involves surveys and various studies, under such circumstances democratic leadership is ideal because it allows interrogation of facts and figures by key decision-makers. Hong et al., (2013) identifies slow pace of decisions in democratic leadership as the

Artitic Criticism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Artitic Criticism - Essay Example The piece of art is characterized by clouds, stars, whirling wind and a sight off hills in the background provides for a larger dimension. Vincent chose a display a dot-to-dot effect on the sky by spacing the stars and providing a curving effect to the sky composition. This was aimed at ensuring the viewers concentrate on specific details of the paint rather than the sky. The technique can be traced to the 1880s where art was influenced by specific details. The painting has a night setting thus the purpose for its name, ‘Starry Night’. The painting displays an isolated night due to absence of night animals and other creators such as the bat. This displays a gloomy night also creates a midnight impression of the area. The whirling winds in the picture try to give the setting life but fails. The only prove of life in the village in the paint is the glowing windows of the cottages. There exist a contrast in the paint, sky above displays a rough and dramatic nature of the setting but the village shows peace and calmness. The hills represents hope, the decision of Vincent to displays two contrasting moods raises questions. Then again, life in the village is minimal as the dead tree on the painting displays death. The purpose of the dead tree and a peaceful village also contradicts the mood. To evaluate the intended purpose of the Dutch, one has to look at his condition while creating the art. At its creation, the painter was on foreign land and was ill. Despite his conditions, he could see a brighter future hence the representation of a lively background and a gloomy sky. The other unbecoming of the paint is the monotony in which the yellow color has been used in that the stars , the moon , the glowing winds and the whirling wind is represented by the yellow color. The idea of Vincent van Gogh is he displays his love for color yellow. However, he tries to balance the sky composition by introducing the white

Prevention Is Better Than Cure Essay Example for Free

Prevention Is Better Than Cure Essay Health is valuable present for human life. People can have money, houses, some luxurious things but they cannot buy health. Once geting a serious disease, everything becomes nothing immediately. So I agree with the point that â€Å" Prevention is better than cure†. This proverb advise everybody to care themselves before too late to save their lives. One person just has one life. People all know this definition but not many ones can adjust their lives to live healthier. It is the key point. People always lives with a easily way until a disease is found out. It has to say that cure is the last step to make your body out of danger. Some years ago, I evidenced my friend got a serious disease and the doctors hardly saved her life. According to her mother, she often stayed up late, had an unstable daily habits and was under stress. She got a costly experience of how to value the prevention. With the importance of health, health education and preventative measures need to be concerned. Today, money mainly is invested in some large health’s budget to cure diseases. But I think if people know how to protect themselves from diseases through health education, no need much money for curing anymore. So the investment for health education and preventive measures are as important as saving one life. In reality, it is fewer courses which supply information about the health knowledge are held. Otherwise, a lot of hospitals have been build. With this point of view, people more and more depend on hospitals while they do not know that they can cure themselves just through health knowledge. However, no one can ignore the importance of hospitals and doctors. They have existed to save people’s lives. Born, grow up, grow old and die is a life cycle; it is true that in some point of life, people will get disease and die. Hence, hospitals really play an important role in that situation. In conclusion, I consider that prevention is the first step for people to avoid diseases. So much more investment into providing health knowledge and presentative measures to people is necessary.

Implementing Talent Development Strategies Essay Example for Free

Implementing Talent Development Strategies Essay The organizations that are running the talent development programs may soon begin to find the high quality people who can be able to lead and to motivate others in order to achieve the highest levels of performance and productivity in the organization. This means that identifying the organizational education culture for the organization, people and top performers of the organization will revolve around some factors that lead to the development of an all round business professional. (Davis and Cutt, 1988). These include strategizing market and product or the services, instilling the manufacturing know how to the people, educating people on the distribution channels, financing strategies among others. Educational issues cover many issues such as cash and expense flow, position of the firm’s cash flow. The people undergoing the talent development will require getting instructions from skilled staff members to make solid decisions and to understand the technical issues that are involved. Education programs will include development of self awareness knowledge, effective problem solving and having good interpersonal communication. (Davis and Cutt, 1988). Training In the organizations if internal training programs are necessary for talent development, they should therefore be updated regularly. The management should also review these programs to see that they are up to date. Again, working in the training program should be a temporary move by employees who are in need of improving their career skills by sharpening their technical as well as presentation skills. (Davis and Cutt, 1988). An organization that is implementing the talent implementation program is likely to receive problems and resistance. This is because young employees are often faced with many problems sometimes that may come immediately after they begin their careers. (Davis and Cutt, 1988). The first problem which involves being offered jobs that they are not trained in. secondly, the firm may face the problem of too much experience which is caused by narrowing down of the career. In addition, the organization may face the problem of using techniques of talent development in order to protect ones career especially towards the person’s retirement. The above problems show that the development of new talents will stop if the firm fails to give appropriate conditions. This may be achieved through employee training. (Davis and Cutt, 1988). An OPD professional might help implement the strategies as well as address or resolve any problems or issues in the implementation of the talent program by making it clear to the organization the organizational requirements to maintain an organization’s competitive edge and to ensure the survival of the organization. The professional may provide means of developing the organizations effectiveness. The professi9onal is required to understand the strategic goals of the organization and to translate this in to the day to day running of the organizational processes. (Davis and Cutt, 1988).

A Light Emitting Diode Engineering Essay

A Light Emitting Diode Engineering Essay A Light-Emitting Diode in essence is a P-N junction solid-state semiconductor diode that emits light when a current is applied though the device.[1] By scientific definition, it is a solid-state device that controls current without the deficiency of having heated filaments. How does a LED work? White LEDs ordinarily need 3.6 Volts of Direct Current (DC) and use approximately 30 milliamps (mA) of current and has a power dissipation of approximately 100 milliwatts (mW). The positive power is connected to one side of the LED semiconductor through the anode and a whisker and the other side of the semiconductor is attached to the top of the anvil or the negative power lead (cathode). It is the chemical composition or makeup of the LED semiconductor that determines the color of the light that the LED produces as well as the intensity level. The epoxy resin enclosure allows most of the light to escape from the elements and protects the LED making it virtually indestructible. Furthermore, a light-emitting diode does not have any moving parts, which makes the device extremely resistant to damage due to vibration and shocks. These characteristics make it ideal for purposes that demand reliability and strength. LEDs therefore can be deemed invulnerable to catastrophic failure when operated within design parameters. Figure 1 shows a typical traditional indicator LED. Traditional indicator LEDs utilize a small LED semiconductor chip that is mounted on a reflector cup also known as the anvil, on a lead-frame (whisker).This whole configuration is encased in epoxy which also serves the purpose of a lens. LEDs have very high thermal resistance with upwards of 200K per Watt. LEDs are highly monochromatic, only emitting a single pure color in a narrow frequency range. The color emitted from an LED is identified by peak wavelength (lpk) which is measured in nanometers (nm). The peak wavelength is a function of the material that is used in the manufacturing of the semiconductor.[3] Most LEDs are produced using gallium-based crystals that differ in one or more additional materials such as phosphorous to produce distinct colors. Different LED chip technologies enable manufacturers to produce LEDs that emit light in a specific region of the visible light spectrum and replicate different intensity levels. Thus, one would vary the material used in the production of LEDs in order to obtain the desired results. The graph below depicts the variation in response time for the specific wavelength of light. Principle Mechanism The essential portion of the Light Emitting Diode is the semiconductor chip. Semiconductors can be either intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic semiconductors are those in which the electrical behavior is based on the electronic structure inherent to the pure material.[5] When the electrical characteristics are dictated by impurity atoms, the semiconductor is said to be extrinsic.[6] See Appendix A for further information regarding the different materials and their characteristics. This chip is further divided into two parts or regions which are separated by a boundary called a junction. The p-region is dominated by positive electric charges (holes) and the n-region is dominated by negative electric charges (electrons). The junction serves as a barrier to the flow of the electrons between the p and the n-regions. This is somewhat similar to the role of the band-gap because it determines how much voltage is needed to be applied to the semiconductor chip before the current can flow and the electrons pass the junction into the p-region. In general, to achieve higher momentum states (with higher velocities), there must be an empty energy state into which the electron may be excited. (In other words, to achieve a net flow of electrons in one direction, some electrons must change their wave vectors thereby increasing their energy.) [8] Band-gaps determine how much energy is needed for the electron to jump from the valence band to the conduction band. As an electron in the conduction band recombines with a hole in the valence band, the electron makes a transition to a lower-lying energy state and releases energy in an amount equal to the band-gap energy. This energy is released in photons. Normally the energy heats the material. In an LED this energy goes into emitted infrared or visible light. If a large enough electric potential difference (voltage) is absent, across the anode and cathode, the junction serves as an electric potential barrier to the flow of electrons. When sufficient voltage is applied across the chip of the LED, the electron has enough driving force to move in one direction over the junction that separates the p-region and the n-region. The p-region (holes) is where the positive charge forms the majority of charges. (Implicitly, there are also negative charges but they are the minority).Vice versa for the n-region. The electrons from the n-region basically flow across the junction into the p-region. In the p-region, the electrons are attracted to the positive charges due the mutual Columbic forces of attraction between opposite charges of same magnitude. Thus recombination occurs. After every successful recombination, electric potential energy is transformed into electromagnetic energy. This releases a quantum electromagnetic energy that is emitted in the form of a photon of light with frequencies characteristic of the semiconductor that was used in the process. These photons have specific wavelengths thus specific colors according to the different materials used. Therefore, different compositions of the chemical elements used in the manufacturing of the semiconductor results in different colors emitted as well as different energies needed to light them. The electrical energy is in proportion to the voltage required to enable the electrons to flow across the p-n junction. Predominantly, LEDs emit light of a single color. Application There are various materials that are used in the manufacturing of Light Emitting Diodes. Most of the materials are gallium-based crystals and are used in high-brightness applications. Gallium is a minor metal noted by its low melting point of 29.8  °C, the name being derived from Gallia, the Latin for France, which was where it was discovered. [14] Among these include AlGaAs (Aluminum-Gallium-Arsenide), a semiconductor that typically generates the red spectrum, often used in signs, displays and electronic equipment. InGaAlP(Indium-Gallium-Aluminum-Phosphide) produces the yellow-green wavelength to red are often used in signs, auto interior as well as exterior, traffic signals and cellphones.[ 15] InGaN (Indium-Gallium-Nitride) typically generates Blue, Green and white spectrums and are used most often in full color signs, cell-phones, auto interior, traffic signals.[16]. Furthermore, there is room for further improvement on the design of traffic lights. The visible light from the LEDs in a traffic light can further be modulated and encoded with information. Hence, it can be used for the broadcasting of audio messages or any traffic or road information. Essentially, all LED traffic lights can be used as communications devices. [17] InGaN LEDs too has been made the light source of choice for many diagnostic and photo-therapy applications from the Ultra-violet to the near Infrared. [18] Light-emitting diodes (LED) emit light in proportion to the forward current through the diode. Light Emitting Diodes are the cutting edge technology of lighting today. Generally, Light Emitting Diodes are categorized according to their performance. The performance of a LED is linked to a few primary characteristics of the LED itself which includes color, peak wavelength and intensity. As LEDs are highly monochromatic, LEDs are differentiated according to their peak wavelength. Peak wavelength is a function of the LED chip material. Although manufacturing process variations produce a standard deviation of  ±10nm, nevertheless, these variations are perceptible to the human eye because the 565nm to 600nm wavelength spectral region (yellow to amber) is where the sensitivity level of the human eye is at its peak. [19] See Appendix B for details on the different semiconductor types as well as characteristics of those semiconductors. The light output of a specific LED varies with the type of chip, encapsulation and efficiency of individual wafer lots. There may be other random variables that may affect the performance of the LED too. This typically is categorized into the nuisance variable factor and is taken into account as the error margin. Many LED manufacturers use different terms such as super-bright, and ultra-bright to describe LED intensity. However, such terminology is entirely subjective, as there really is no industry standard for LED brightness. Luminous intensity is roughly proportional to the amount of current (I) supplied to the LED. The greater the current, the higher the intensity.[20] Nevertheless, luminous intensity (Iv) does not represent the total light output from an LED. Both the luminous intensity and the spatial radiation pattern (viewing angle) must be taken into account. If two LEDs have the same luminous intensity value, the lamp with the larger viewing angle will have the higher total light output. Overall visibility can be enhanced by increasing the number of LED chips in the encapsulation, increasing the number of individual LEDs, as well as utilizing secondary optics to distribute light. To illustrate, consider similar red GaAlAs LED chip technology in four different configurations: In each individual case, the amount of visible light depends on the application of the LED as well as how the LED is being viewed. The single chip setup may be suitable for direct viewing in contrast with high ambient lighting. The 6-chip may be more suitable as a backlight to a switch or small legend, while the cluster or lensed LED design may best be used to illuminate a pilot light or larger lens. In this millennium, Light Emitting Diodes or LEDs are making major inroads into a lot of industries. In the past, filament bulbs like incandescent and halogen lamps dominated and were the main source of lighting. Today, in the automotive industry, we see cars with LEDs for taillights and instrument panels. Why the switch to the new technology? Among the reasons why include the longevity of the LED itself. It lasts on average 20,000 hours for a 15-Watt traffic light in comparison to 1000 hours for typical filament bulbs.[23] Generally, LEDs are designed to operate upwards of 100,000 hours. This greatly supercedes the standard incandescent bulb with an average lifespan of about 5000 hours.LEDs too are low voltage devices that respond almost instantaneously to changes in current (~10Mhz).[24] This would entail better safety for motorists on the road. Costs of maintenance of the vehicle would too decrease as replacements of the lighting fixtures need not be done as often. With such fast reponse times, LEDs used as an unbiased photodiode, exhibits a non-linear power dependent response that also can be used for sensitive detection and characterization of mode-locked femtosecond and picosecond laser pulses. [25] In the electronic industry, we have LEDs for lighting of almost everything. The ergonomic flat-panel computer screens otherwise known as liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are also in essence miniature LED clusters. The introduction of LCDs marks another milestone in development in the hi-tech industry. Displays now can be made that use less power as well as emit much less radiation in comparison with the traditional cathode ray tube (CRT) display. According to Keith Robinson for Frost Sullivan, The light emitting diode (LED) market, especially the visible LED (VLED) market, is poised to experience explosive growth once economic conditions improve in North America. The most significant technology improvement that has taken place in the last 10 years for LEDs is the introduction of blue and blue-green LEDs. The nitride-based LEDs have opened new opportunities for manufacturers of lighting products, such as traffic signal manufacturers and outdoor signboard manufacturers. The increased use of the new colors in consumer products and automotive applications is expected to have a positive impact on the market. [26] Manufacturers have always been striving to replicate colors as accurately as possible. This is has always been the holy grail for the display industry. LEDs have made this a reality. Typical incandescent bulbs cannot replicate the vivid colors that can be reproduced using LEDs. LEDs give pure saturated colors with up to 130% more gamut compared to standard NTSC specifications.[27] Take the reproduction of white light. When light from all parts of the visible spectrum overlap one another, the additive mixture of colors appears white. However, the eye does not require a mixture of all the colors of the spectrum to perceive white light. Primary colors from the upper, middle, and lower parts of the spectrum (red, green, and blue), when combined, appear white. To achieve this combination with LEDs requires a sophisticated electro-optical design to control the blend and diffusion of colors. Variations in LED color and intensity further complicate this process. Presently, it is possible to produce white light with a single LED using a phosphor layer (Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) on the surface of a blue (Gallium Nitride) chip.[28] Although this technology produces various hues, white LEDs may be appropriate to illuminate opaque lenses or backlight legends. However, using colored LEDs to illuminate similarly colored lenses produces better visibility and overall appearance in comparison with CRTs. Moreover, LEDs are not deficient in the reliability department. LEDs are solid state devices with no moving parts as well as no fragile glass or filaments. LEDs too use up to 90% less energy in comparison with conventional bulbs and lamps today.[29] Today a LED flashlight may last up to 200% longer with the same batteries used to operate conventional filament flashlights. [30] Furthermore, LEDs are environmental friendly because they contain no mercury and since they last longer (about 100,000 continuous hours of life); there will be less disposal waste in the environment. This in turn would result is less pollution and less wastage of our precious and limited resources. LEDs also form the foundation for applications in optical-fiber communication and diode lasers. They produce a narrow spectrum of coherent red or infrared light that can be well collimated. This characteristic of the light produced by LEDs has enabled engineers to manipulate the setup to enable data transfer. This has made it possible for continents to be linked via the internet. Information can be sent across the globe in a matter of fractions of a second and vast chunks of data can be transmitted without a hitch. With the improvement of infrastructure, the benefits extend also to the general populace. Before we had modems that used coaxial copper cables, today we have T1 to T3 connections which utilize fiber optics. Most institutions, organizations and companies that require the use of large bandwidths of data have such connections. Take for example, San Jose State University, it utilizes several T3 connections to the internet and has T1 connections locally across campus to alleviate data congestion. In this way, data is made readily available to those hungry for knowledge. Conclusion Light Emitting Diodes has such a profound impact on society. It affects our daily lives as well as activities. It is used in so many applications and so many places. With Light Emitting Diodes, so many significant improvements to already existing technology could be made. Historically the LED market has experienced signal digit growth of about 8.5 percent. The laser diode market has experienced double-digit growth in the past of approximately 30.0 percent and once economic conditions improve it is anticipated that the market will experience strong growth rates once again. [31] As this technology expands, so does our horizon and our conquest for the betterment of todays technology. Light Emitting Diodes truly is a great invention of the age.

The Concept of Transcendence in Heidegger :: God Religion Theology Essays

The Concept of Transcendence in Heidegger ABSTRACT: The history of Heideggerian commentaries confront us with a string of parallel concepts: metaphysics and theology, onto-theology and Christian theology, thought and faith, Being and God, and so on. It should also be noted that these different dual concepts have served, in various ways, several strategies for the interpretation of Heidegger. These various strategies are summarized as follows: the relation between philosophy and theology in the thought of Heidegger is threefold and should be read to the rhythm of his thinking according to the themes of facticity and transcendence. History of heideggerian commentaries confronts us with a series of parallel notions : "Metaphysics and Theology", "Onto-Theology and Christian Theology", "Theology and Faith" and finally "Being and God". I should also point out that these different dual concepts organise several strategies to interpret Heidegger. These strategies can be gathered under four grand points. First of all, a diagnosis in terms of "secularised Theology" coupled with an exitentialisation of the fundamental concepts presiding over the duality of the Dasein. According to this diagnosis, Heidegger's work is seen, in the best case, as a veiled revival of christian Theology. In this perspective it is appropriate to recapture the existential analysis and to open it up towards the theological language, since he has never really been far from it. A second way of reading the relation between Philosophy and Theology in Heidegger's work consist in organising a "theological deconstruction" within christian Theology. A third strategy prefers to read the link between Philosophy and Theology in terms of territorial delimitation, a sort of epistemological "Yalta" between two speculative exercises. Finally, I should mention a fourth type of strategy which finds its origin in the "ontological difference" and wants to renew the terms of proximity to the divine. The recent publication of some of Heidegger's unpublished works pleads for a renewed reading and gives credit to the hypothesis which I summarise as follows : the relation between Philosophy and Theology in Heidegger's thought is threefold and coextensive with Heidegger's thinking itself, according to the two themes of "facticity" and "transcendence". (1) I. THREE TOPICS The different meanings of the concept of Philosophy and Theology point to three topics concerning the relation of Philosophy and Theology as such. These topics should be formulated as follows : first of all as the relation between "Philosophy and Scriptural Theology". Ontology, as a science, while distanciating itself from whatever "Weltanschauung", happens in rigorous fidelity to the philosophical adventure.

The Lost Boy Essay -- essays research papers

A Child Called "it" In his two novels A Child Called "it", and The Lost Boy, the author, Dave Pelzer explains about his childhood. During that time, author was a young boy from an age 3 to an age 9. David’s mother has started to call him " The Boy" and "it." The author mainly covers the relationship between his family. His main focus point is the bond between his mother and him. He describes his mother as a beautiful woman, who loves and cherished her kids , who changed from this " The Mother," who abused him because she was alcoholic and was sick. The Mother used David to take her anger out. An abusive mother who systematically closed down any escape he may have from her clutches. Shuts out any source for food for the poor starving child. Poor Dave had nothing left as hope, she convinced neighbours, his teachers, social workers, his younger brothers that Dave was a ‘bad boy’ and asked them not to pay attention to his condition. David’s description of his brothers went from, loving brothers to mother’s slaves. He describers how the love went to hate for his brothers had grew more and more toward the book. He tells that his brother’s behavior changes as his mother attitude changes. His brother’s starts to take their mother side and start to treat David as non-member of the family. He looked upon his father as a saviour, but the man had no spine. He always thought this ordeal would end someday but it went on increasing. Nevertheless, he found out ways and means to outsmart her, escape her, avoid her. Such a life may seem a dead-end for anyone, but not for Dave. At the beginning of the book, the story takes place in " The House† around 1970s in Daly City; California. There is only place in the house for David, and that is the basement. In the basement, he would sleep eat and stay there until he is called for his chores. His survior was school, where he knew he could be away from all the hard treatment and listening to his mothers. He hated being at â€Å"The House.† a mother who played tortuous, unpredictable games - games that left him nearly dead. He had to learn how to play his mother’s games in order to survive because she no longer considered him a son, but a slave; and no longer a boy, but an â€Å"it.† Dave’s bed was an old army cot in the basement, and his clothes were torn and raunchy. When his mother allo... ... there is no great effort to employ the literary tools we associate with the classics: foreshadowing, detailed metaphors, analysis of motivation, etc. Pelzer relies on "language that was developed from a child's viewpoint" he tells us in the author's notes, resulting in a straightforward "This happened, then this happened, and this is how I felt" approach. What makes the book so compelling is the tale itself, as Pelzer describes incident after incident of cruel torture at his mother's hands and the ineffective and lame efforts of his father to protect him. Indeed, Dave Pelzer is an admirable man, not only for surviving a horrific childhood and growing up to be a man of many accomplishments, but also for taking us on a journey in A Child Called "It" that forces us to reevaluate our own lives and the world around us. I have yet to read the other two books in Pelzer's trilogy, The Lost Boy and A Man Named Dave, but I am eager to follow the progression of this man's life. Now a doting father, Dave Pelzer provides affirmation that the cycle of abuse can be broken. It is a message that must never be forgotten in our legislatures, our schools, or our hearts

Good Country People by Flannery OConnor Characterization as Theme Essay

Good Country People by Flannery OConnor Characterization as Theme The Depth of Hulga?s Despair Characterization is the most prevalent component used for the development of themes in Flannery O?Connor?s satirical short story ?Good Country People.? O?Connor artistically cultivates character development throughout her story as a means of creating multi-level themes that culminate in allegory. Although the themes are independent of each other, the characters are not; the development of one character is dependent upon the development of another. Each character?s feelings and behavior are influenced by the behavior of the others. Joy/Hulga, as the story?s main character, is the singly most significant character to the themes of this story. She is characterized as brilliant and academically sophisticated, yet naà ¯ve to the feelings and motivations of others. Ironically, Hulga has a Ph.D. in philosophy, yet she has a very narrow view of her world and no insight into other people?s true character. This contrast in Hulga?s character is the topic of one of the story?s themes: academic knowledge is not to be confused with common sense. O?Connor continues to establish theme through her characterization of Hulga. She describes Hulga as being cynical about the world and the people she knows. The irony here is that she sees these people as being simple ?country people,? she doesn?t see them as they actually are, full of hidden feelings and motivations. She views herself as superior to her mother, Mrs. Hopewell, and her mother?s tenant, Mrs. Freeman. Her opinion of the other characters as less than herself, because of their tendency to see their world through the eyes of southern women, limits Hulga?s interaction with them. She... ...cares for her and thus encourages her into letting down her guard and trusting him. This becomes Hulga?s downfall and the most important theme of O?Connor?s story: people aren?t always what they appear or ?you can?t judge a book by its cover.? Her narcissism allows Manley to talk her into removing her leg. He grabs it and runs off with it, but not before letting her know that he has played her for the fool. O?Connor?s comprehensive character development leads her readers into complacently judging Hulga as superior to the other characters in her story. She takes this a step further in her development of Manley Pointer as an innocent. Through this development, O?Connor lulls her readers into stereotyping the characters into the personas she wants them to see. Hulga?s epiphany is thematic. The ultimate irony is that not only is Hulga duped by Manley, her readers are too.

Anglo-Saxon Values Demonstrated by Beowulf Essay

In Seamus Heaney’s translation of the epic Beowulf, the protagonist, Beowulf, exemplifies the values of an Anglo-Saxon warrior and king. Beowulf is a Geatish warrior who uses his super-human strength to defend the Danes, a neighboring kingdom, from a terrible monster named Grendel. Beowulf then goes on to kill Grendel’s mother and become the king of the Geats. During his reign, Beowulf runs a successful kingdom and sacrifices his life to save his kingdom from a dragon. Beowulf demonstrates the Anglo-Saxon values of physical strength, a thirst for revenge, and courage, through the manner in which he fights various battles and his motives for fighting them. Beowulf’s extraordinary physical strength is displayed during his battle with Grendel, a powerful monster who has fought and killed many Danish warriors without difficulty. When Grendel tries to sneak up on Beowulf, Grendel discovers â€Å"himself in a handgrip harder than anything he had ever encountered in any man on the face of the earth† (Beowulf lines 749-752). Physical strength is greatly valued by the Anglo-Saxon culture, and Beowulf is stronger than anything Grendel has ever faced before. Because of his impressive strength, both the Danes and Geats are willing to follow Beowulf into battle and can count on him to lead and protect them. It is evident from Grendel’s struggle that Beowulf surpasses the physical strength of the normal human, making him a model Anglo-Saxon warrior. Along with his immense physical strength, Beowulf is willing to seek revenge to achieve justice. BEOWULF’S BATTLE WITH GRENDEL’S MOTHER IS DRIVEN BY REVENGE. GRENDEL’S MOTHER SNATCHES AND KILLS A DANE NAMED AESCHERE, WHICH DEEPLY AFFECTS KING HYGELAC, WHOM BEOWULF IS VERY CLOSE TO. BEOWULF TAKES IT UPON HIMSELF TO AVENGE THE DEATH OF AESCHERE FOR KING HYGELAC AND INSTIGATE A BATTLE WITH GRENDEL’S  MOTHER IN THE NAME OF JUSTICE. BEOWULF’S BELIEF THAT â€Å"IT IS ALWAYS BETTER TO AVENGE DEAR ONES THAN TO INDULGE IN MOURNING† REPRESENTS THE BELIEFS OF MANY ANGLO-SAXON WARRIORS. (BEOWULF LINES 1384-1385). IN ANGLO-SAXON CULTURE, GRIEVING OVER ONE’S LOSSES IS DISCOURAGED. IF AN ANGLO-SAXON WARRIOR IS WRONGED, THEY ARE OBLIGATED TO SEEK VENGEANCE AND BE WILLING TO INSTIGATE BATTLES IN ORDER TO BE A SUCCESSFUL AND RESPECTED WARRIOR OR KING. BEOWULF LIVES UP TO THE SOCIAL NORMS OF ANGLO-SAXON SOCIETY AND MANAGES TO MAINTAIN HIS HEROIC REPUTATION BY ATTEMPTING TO KILL GRENDEL’S MOTHER AS AN ACT OF REVENGE. A BATTLE FOUGHT IN THE N AME OF REVENGE HAS THE POTENTIAL TO SHOWCASE A HERO’S TALENT AND DRIVE THEM TO FAME, BUT THAT THIRST FOR REVENGE IS AN EMPTY THREAT WITHOUT COURAGE TO BACK IT UP. Beowulf reveals tremendous courage in each of his battles, but exceptional fearlessness is displayed in his fight against a dragon to defend the people of his kingdom. Beowulf is very old at the time of this battle, so he knows the chances of him being able to defeat the dragon and survive are slim. Despite the unlikelihood of his victory, Beowulf still chooses to fight, and tells his men,†this fight is not yours, nor is it up to any man except me, to measure his strength against the monster or to prove his worth. I shall win the gold by my courage† (Beowulf lines 2532-2536). As king, Beowulf abides to the norms of Anglo-saxon culture and feels that he must be the one to lead his men to battle no matter what the cost. All of Beowulf’s warriors, except Wiglaf, abandon him when he needs them most during the battle, out of fear for their lives. Beowulf and Wiglaf are the only ones with the courage to continue fighting the dragon even when the odds are working against them, proving that they alone have the values of a true Anglo-saxon warrior. Throughout Beowulf’s life he earns his place as a devoted and successful Anglo-Saxon warrior because he demonstrates their values not once, but three times. In each of his battles, Beowulf†s actions portray the key Anglo-Saxon values of immense physical strength, the right to seek revenge, and courage. By observing the manner in which Beowulf fights his battles, one can conclude that in order to be a respected Anglo-Saxon leader and warrior one must possess all of these qualities. Leaders today exemplify traits the  people of society value, which allow the leaders to gain the trust and admiration of others, just as Beowulf did. This is evident in the protagonists we choose for our literature and the people we choose to lead us. For example, selflessness is highly valued in today’s society, and a major literary hero, Superman, shows this characteristic by fighting evil to save others without concern for himself. Beowulf and leaders today are able to achieve respe ct and power because they embody the traits admired by the people of their time.

Hardware vs Software Routing Essay

A router can be defined as a device that connects two or more than two computer networks and selectively exchanges packets of data among them. Every packet data encompasses address information that a router can use to find out whether the destination and source are on the same network, or if the packet data must be transmitted from one network to another. Through projecting routing needs and network traffic centered on the types and number of applications and hardware devices used in environment, one can better choose whether to use a software router, a hardware router, or a combination of both. When talking about hardware and software router, there are numerous advantages hardware router has over software router. Few of them are mentioned below. Hardware router has higher throughput as compared to software router and computer solutions particularly Windows based. Hardware router is very reliable and runs easily once you set it up and does not require any attention, while software router are unreliable and does not run easily (Haverkort, Bohnenkamp & Smith, 2000). Hardware-based routers handle heavy routing demands perfectly, whereas software routers can only handle lighter routing loads. Hardware router does not require a PC to be running to permit access for other computers. In addition, hardware router does not contain any software or files that can be deleted, harmed, copied, stolen, etc.  whereas, there is a risk in software router. A software router can be very perfect on a segmented and small network with comparatively light traffic between subnets as it cannot bear much load and traffic. However, hardware-based routers can bear heavy traffic and enterprise network environments that have a huge quantity of network divisions and an extensive range of performance desires use range of hardware routers in order to perform various roles throughout the network.

The Azande

There are several institutions at play in modern day American culture function inning similarly to the witchcraft among the Cezanne people. For instance, within my culture, the Government dictates who punished when confronted with a crime. While The Cezanne place e the blame on witchcraft.Both use justice in a sense to place blame for an unfortunate happy inning, whether it be decided by an oracle, or common law. Whether it be a judge or an oracle, a sentencing verdict is decided in both cult rues. The ways of American law may be seen as more civilized, and the Cezanne may seem tab 00. The methods of the poison oracles, which included the envenoming of animals to observe t heir deaths and make assessments, is vaguely similar to the tests done on rodents, and other animals in research labs.Both of which can and have been labeled unorthodox in the past. Its SAA d in The Cezanne culture that witches may have caused harm unintentionally, and that sorcerer s do so intentionally. Also, rel ated in our society is the psychopath. Some believe that you are both with an instinct to kill without selector, while others believe that you are strictly Think about the ways in which members of your society are compelled to bee eave in socially acceptable ways. How do these differ from one another?Members of today's society are expected to behave in socially acceptable way due to fear of retribution. For example, due to the impending threat of prison, or other capital punishment, a crime would usually not be committed. These means of socially behaviors differ from each other greatly. To contrast American Culture who mainly have regular criminals with faulty intentions, The Cezanne only have sorcerers with a vendetta against the victim. The Cezanne can only speculate whom they argued with has hexed them.They also have ways to reprimand, although their old unethical forms of punishment, such as tying individuals to ant hills have been done away with. Both measures were used as a ba sis of r social control. Is there a â€Å"logic† to The Cezanne belief in witchcraft and the casualty of misfire nun? Within The Cezanne culture, there is a logic behind their belief in witchcraft an d the casualty of misfortune. While reading a section from Culture Sketches by Holly Peters Golden, the quote from an Cezanne man put many aspects of The Azans De thought process into perspective.After a man had hanged himself, due to an altercate on with his brothers the man stated only crazy people commit suicide; if everyone who was angry with their brothers committed suicide there would soon be no people left in t he world; if the man had not been bewitched he would not have done what he did do (19 37;. 71 v Personally, this quote opened my eyes to the ways that someone raised in HTH complex civilization would make sense of a tragedy. It is very en lightening to s e the says brains execute different ideas based on your upbringing in different par TTS of the world.Do you emplo y logic that is similar or different when explaining negative even Are there several different â€Å"systems of logic† that may be invoked, depending on the circumstances? Tend to enjoy logic that is differs from my own, when negative events are bee Eng explained. In other words to seeing an event occur from another's viewpoint I n their own words. Hearing logic that is not the same as your own on sensitive topics with out prejudice, and seeking knowledge where you may be ignorant allows a differed t system of logic.Depending on the circumstances, there are several different logical systems t hat may be invoked. When those involved are from different backgrounds, with u unlike views, and beliefs to base their opinions upon. Most logical people would never take witchcraft into question, perhaps they would say that it was an accident. But being raise Diana community where sorcery is common practice, you would not think any differ entry. What you are taught from a young age in y our community resonates into the ways t hat the person you will becomes handles misfortune.

James Thom’s “The Perfect Picture” Essay

In James Thom’s extraordinary piece â€Å"The Perfect Picture† he writes about situations he was in at a one point of his life. He explains an experience he was in as a young police reporter and driving to a seen, where the grandfather back over this granddaughter. When he drives up he sees all the media and the police gather around the grandfather. The grandfather couldn’t even grasp the concept of what happened yet, before news reporters and photographers are invading his property, life and time with his family to grieve over his granddaughter. When Thom sees the opportunity to snap the photo of the grandfather cradling the little girl, wrapped in a sheet, lying cold and lifeless in his arms. Thom has such a huge decision to make, and only a mere moment to decide on what he will do. Thom thinks about his career, for a brief second, and he almost pushes the shutter, the button that has the power to keep time standing still, for now and forever. He has the power to expose the emotions and lives of people, including this family, that have to re-live these experiences for the rest of their life. He can see the joy on the faces of his executives, and the awards that would be engraved with his name. If pictures are worth a thousand words, then his â€Å"perfect picture† will be worth a million! Thom finally decides there is still no way to justify this intrusion of private family affairs. He shows courage in his decision and great confidence in his ability as a reporter. James Thom is making the right decision in not taking the opportunity to snap the perfect photograph. In today’s society the media takes advantage of the common people, and profits from the world’s misfortunes. In the era this story is taking place, the media is no different. The media believes they have the right to intrude into people’s lives, take what they want, and assume no responsibility and reap no consequences for their actions. Newspapers, TV stations, and so forth, call this their right to free speech. Watching a reporter taking pictures, pushing shoving and crowding around the scene, is like watching a group of wild hyenas fighting each other for one piece of dead carcass. On one side, there would be those that believe pictures, events, and the news, regardless of the subject matter are public property as long as it’s done in the name of media material. Reporters, journalist and photographers all fall into the same category. They are there to find the story, and if there is not a story present. They construct one to create intrigue for their customers. Most of the media is ruthless, cold and with hearts of stone. These beasts stop at nothing to get what they need to fulfill the greed in their soul.

Biography of Henry David Thoreau

Biography of Henry David Thoreau Henry David Thoreau was born on July 12, 1817. He was born in Concord, Massachusetts. As a poet and essayist, he was sending a good life. Sadly, he was pasted on Concord on May 6, 1862. In the first year of his life, his family moved, but returned after five years. He grew up in the village and later reached masculinity. His favorite villages are forests, streams and meadows. He is the third child of the family. As his life expanded and made new friends, he established friendship with Ralph Waldo Emerson. This year's favorite book is a biography of Laura Dassow Walls' Henry David Thoreau, he lives in Concord, Massachusetts, lives with Emerson, Hawthorne, Al, Technology weakens the ability to learn through observation Thinking that we might make it, we can find the answer on Google, but what is the importance of discovery? Thoreau from 1820 to 60 years and the explanation of New England life are attractive Biography of Henry David Thoreau Henry David T horeau was born on July 12, 1817. He was born in Concord, Massachusetts. As a poet and essayist, he was sending a good life. Sadly, he was pasted on Concord on May 6, 1862. In the first year of his life, his family moved, but returned after five years. He grew up in the village and later reached masculinity. His favorite villages are forests, streams and meadows. He is the third child of the family. - Henry David Thoreau Walden's Walden, Henry David Thoreau's first person is about events and ideas when he lived in Walden Pond in the '800s. Henry David Thoreau is a poet and philosopher who lives a simple life to build a direct connection between people, gods and nature. He thinks that knowledge is intuitive power, not logical proof of learning. In the work of Henry David Thoreau, he has explored another more thoughtful lifestyle. Thoreau is a student of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Emerson gave Thoreau the property at Walden Pond in Concord, Massachusetts; Thoreau spent two years here. Thoro ugh's social experiment demands him to separate him from society, become individuals, and learn from his experience. Emerson gave the facility of Walden Pond to Henry David Thoreau. - Lincoln is believed to struggle for racial equality When he believes African Americans are inferior, the image that people give to him is not true, radical radical Republican reconstruction It will be promoted to the era of. The thoughts of many people, even when they were tested, or even their own inference. Compared with reality, Henry David Thoreau's ideas and ideals did not go well.

4G Wireless Networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

4G Wireless Networks - Essay Example Two major cellular service providers of USA, AT&T and Verizon will be addressed specifically for case study purpose. Comparison and Contrast between 3G and 4G Objective of this section is to compare and contrast 3G and 4G communication with respect to four specific areas, e.g., service and application, network architecture, data throughput and user perceptions. 3G providers are currently offering services like Code Division Multiple Access, CDMA, Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS), and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). On the contrary, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) developed the 3GPP Long-Term Evolution (LTE) standard for 4G services which is commonly known as 4G LTE(Kuran & Tugcu, 2007). From application perspective, 3G provided the users the luxury of multimedia streaming. 4G added more amenities on top of that, including high definition (HD) services for audio-video conference, and online television via smart phone. Such differences in ser vice and applicability are primarily emanated from the network architecture of these two technologies, also from associated upload and download speed. 3G network is based on wide area cell; on the other hand, 4G integrated Local Area Network (LAN) with such wide area architecture. Consequently, data throughput rate for these two technologies also varies significantly. While 3G is offering up to 3.1 mbps with a bandwidth of 5 – 20MHz; data throughput rate for 4G networks is 3 to 5 mbps but potentially estimated at a range of 100 to 300 mbps with a bandwidth of 100MHz (Kuran & Tugcu, 2007) . Whatever the services and other application are, the most important aspect of any wireless service provider is the user feedback. As of yet, 3G wireless network has a broader coverage than 4G network. Therefore, 3G network enjoys the benefit of being readily available to the user. People are happy with 3G performance because it is the upgrade of 2G technology. The users accustomed to the slower connectivity of 2G, are certainly happy with this upgraded version. In this era of technological advancement, until user gets the flavor of new upgrade, he/she always compare the available technology with previous alternative that is why new technology always prevails. Yet now, in case of audio listening or video streaming, 3G did not receive too many complains and these users will not feel the differences between 3G and 4G that much. However, with time and increasing 4G coverage, things may change radically. Differences between Different 4G Communication Varieties As 3G and 4G are different in many ways, there are also distinguishable differences among different types of 4G network services e.g., 4G LTE, 4G WiMax, and 4G WiBro. 4G LTE is the oldest version of 4G wireless which offers 100 Mbps for downloads and 50 Mbps for uploads in ideal scenario(Evans & Baughan, 2000). However, in USA maximum speed provided by 4G LTE is 18.6 Mbps for download and 9.0 Mbps for upload by A T&T. Fixed WiMax, stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, can provide speeds of up to 75 Mbps and Mobile WiMax offering speeds of up to 30 Mbps (Fu et al., 2010). Although, service provider sprint in USA showed download speeds of 3-6 Mbps and upload speeds of 1 Mbps (Sprint, 2013). Wireless Broadband, Wibro, provided by